The second-level needs are concerned with safety, and they presuppose being secure and safe. These needs can be satisfied by almost every person (Medcaff et al., 2013). At the same time, anxiety was considered as harming the achievement of needs (Taormina & Gao, 2013).Īccording to Maslow’s hierarchy, the basic needs are physiological, incorporating oxygen for breathing, food for eating, and water for drinking. Moreover, their research found that life satisfaction, values, and family reinforcement have a beneficial impact on reaching all five needs. Specifically, the more satisfied one is with each lower-level need, the more accomplishments one will reach in the following higher-level need (Taormina & Gao, 2013). They report that there are substantial positive interactions among the levels of this hierarchy. In their analysis of Maslow’s motivational hierarchy, Taormina and Gao (2013) attempted to evaluate the satisfaction of human needs. Thus, Maslow’s hierarchy is grounded in potentials, the most important of which is self-actualization (Medcalf, Hoffman, & Boatwright, 2013). Once a level is reached, an individual works on the attainment of the next one. Maslow identified the following levels of needs: physiological, safety, belongingness and love, self-esteem, and self-actualization (Crain, 2014). One of the most prominent advocates of the humanistic theory was Maslow who introduced a hierarchy of human needs and motivations. Research indicates that multidimensional methods of analyzing child development are more favored by modern psychologists and educators (McDevitt, Jobes, Cochran, & Sheenan, 2010). This approach appeared as a response to the one-sided behaviorist view (Crain, 2014). Humanistic theory is highly relevant for understanding the basic principles of child development. Learn More Theories of Understanding Child Development Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs as the Key Theory to Understanding Child Development

Pavlov hierarchy of needs